https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Irish_1851&feed=atom&action=historyIrish 1851 - Revision history2024-03-29T08:08:26ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.1https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Irish_1851&diff=11890&oldid=prevCcarlsson: Protected "Irish 1851": finished essay [edit=sysop:move=sysop]2009-01-11T06:54:44Z<p>Protected "<a href="/index.php?title=Irish_1851" title="Irish 1851">Irish 1851</a>": finished essay [edit=sysop:move=sysop]</p>
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</td></tr></table>Ccarlssonhttps://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Irish_1851&diff=11889&oldid=prevCcarlsson: PC and protected2009-01-11T06:53:26Z<p>PC and protected</p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''<font face = Papyrus> <font color = maroon> <font size = 4>Historical Essay</font></font> </font>'''</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:irish1$shanghai-chicken.jpg]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:irish1$shanghai-chicken.jpg]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The differences between the experience of the Irish on the West and East Coast were extreme. In the East, the Irish rapidly formed their own historical communities--neighborhoods that are traditionally Irish, like the South Side of Boston. They dominated occupations that are still regarded as Irish, like the police force and the firefighters. San Francisco was an open society, "open" meaning its public spaces and offices were not dominated by entrenched "historical" communities.(3) The population of San Francisco was more atomized and freer to define itself in the absence of the need to band together. In the rapidly growing, but largely undeveloped city some of the Irish were able to find for themselves the economic stability, creature comforts and commercial opportunities that had eluded them in New York and other points of entry for Irish immigrants. Throughout the mid-nineteenth century, the standard of living in the major eastern cities wasn't much better than the standard of living in Ireland. Opportunities for buying land and developing proprietary interests in the major commercial sectors that defined Americas economy at that time were limited. Tolerance for their culture (Catholic, rural, prone to questioning authority) was also similarly limited. Bigoted attitudes towards the rural Catholic poor manifested in degrading stereotypes and, occasionally, in armed attacks and church burnings from American born "nativists"--typically working class Protestants. Life in San Francisco, in contrast, was freer (although not completely) of anti-Catholic sentiment.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The differences between the experience of the Irish on the West and East Coast were extreme. In the East, the Irish rapidly formed their own historical communities--neighborhoods that are traditionally Irish, like the South Side of Boston. They dominated occupations that are still regarded as Irish, like the police force and the firefighters. San Francisco was an open society, "open" meaning its public spaces and offices were not dominated by entrenched "historical" communities.(3) The population of San Francisco was more atomized and freer to define itself in the absence of the need to band together. In the rapidly growing, but largely undeveloped city some of the Irish were able to find for themselves the economic stability, creature comforts and commercial opportunities that had eluded them in New York and other points of entry for Irish immigrants. Throughout the mid-nineteenth century, the standard of living in the major eastern cities wasn't much better than the standard of living in Ireland. Opportunities for buying land and developing proprietary interests in the major commercial sectors that defined Americas economy at that time were limited. Tolerance for their culture (Catholic, rural, prone to questioning authority) was also similarly limited. Bigoted attitudes towards the rural Catholic poor manifested in degrading stereotypes and, occasionally, in armed attacks and church burnings from American born "nativists"--typically working class Protestants. Life in San Francisco, in contrast, was freer (although not completely) of anti-Catholic sentiment.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''--Elizabeth Creely, 2002 ''</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>1.. RA Burchell, ''San Francisco Irish'', Chap. IV "The Material World" pg. 53</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>1.. RA Burchell, ''San Francisco Irish'', Chap. IV "The Material World" pg. 53</div></td></tr>
</table>Ccarlssonhttps://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Irish_1851&diff=8912&oldid=prevCcarlsson at 20:01, 6 October 20082008-10-06T20:01:12Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''John "[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Shanghai_text_box </del> Shanghai]] Chicken" Devine was born in Waterford, Ireland and came to San Francisco in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1861where </del>he found work for fellow Irishman "Shanghai Kelly" as a boardinghouse runner.'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''John "[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Shanghaiing| </ins> Shanghai]] Chicken" Devine was born in Waterford, Ireland and came to San Francisco in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1861--where </ins>he found work for fellow Irishman "Shanghai Kelly" as a boardinghouse runner.'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>So, stripped of all the history, what and who was a typical Irish immigrant in San Francisco in about 1851? A male, about forty years of age, living a city that had been hastily and badly constructed because of chronic <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">labour </del>shortages. The demand for housing (San Francisco's current housing shortage is not a new problem) then was high and it limited the number of places one could live. The Irish spread throughout the city in a fairly randomized pattern, going further and further west as new developments allowed. In 1880, the community was to be found in the greatest numbers in Wards 7, 10, and 9, on the south side of Market Street, crammed in amongst other immigrant communities, or in the newly expanding commercial and residential district of the Mission and the Western Addition, Wards 12 and 11 respectively.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>So, stripped of all the history, what and who was a typical Irish immigrant in San Francisco in about 1851? A male, about forty years of age, living a city that had been hastily and badly constructed because of chronic <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">labor </ins>shortages. The demand for housing (San Francisco's current housing shortage is not a new problem) then was high and it limited the number of places one could live. The Irish spread throughout the city in a fairly randomized pattern, going further and further west as new developments allowed. In 1880, the community was to be found in the greatest numbers in Wards 7, 10, and 9, on the south side of Market Street, crammed in amongst other immigrant communities, or in the newly expanding commercial and residential district of the Mission and the Western Addition, Wards 12 and 11 respectively.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They were unmarried, or they married later in life. Late marriages were common among famine survivors, a trend that persisted in America. In San Francisco, they were probably a skilled laborer, or a highly skilled laborer, practicing trades learned in Boston, New York or Philadelphia. This is a different story from the Irish who landed in the eastern cities prior to 1851. British imperialism in Ireland had a deleterious effect on the types of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">labour </del>skills Catholics possessed,1 which meant that when new arrivals from Ireland possessed antiquated skills, unsuited for urban employment. They got updated pretty quickly though, building canals, cutting stone, doing construction work, working with iron and steel in orders of magnitude unknown in rural Ireland (most immigrants were from rural western Ireland). They got paid more than friends and family left behind on the East Coast, because of the fortuitous combination of labor scarcity and capital investment. By 1870, the average wage in San Francisco was $3.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">272 </del>(this figure is itself averages more than 20 wage rates of a multitude of skilled trades). Marriage within the community was encouraged, and in instances where an outside marriage was contracted, the chance was good that at least one of the prospective spouses parents was a member of the Irish community.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>They were unmarried, or they married later in life. Late marriages were common among famine survivors, a trend that persisted in America. In San Francisco, they were probably a skilled laborer, or a highly skilled laborer, practicing trades learned in Boston, New York or Philadelphia. This is a different story from the Irish who landed in the eastern cities prior to 1851. British imperialism in Ireland had a deleterious effect on the types of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">labor </ins>skills Catholics possessed,<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</ins>1<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) </ins>which meant that when new arrivals from Ireland possessed antiquated skills, unsuited for urban employment. They got updated pretty quickly though, building canals, cutting stone, doing construction work, working with iron and steel in orders of magnitude unknown in rural Ireland (most immigrants were from rural western Ireland). They got paid more than friends and family left behind on the East Coast, because of the fortuitous combination of labor scarcity and capital investment. By 1870, the average <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">daily </ins>wage in San Francisco was $3.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">27(2) </ins>(this figure is itself averages more than 20 wage rates of a multitude of skilled trades). Marriage within the community was encouraged, and in instances where an outside marriage was contracted, the chance was good that at least one of the prospective spouses parents was a member of the Irish community.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Between the first year of the gold rush and 1870, San Francisco grew from a village of fewer than 200 buildings and 1,000 inhabitants to the tenth largest city in America, with a population of 150,000. Ten years after that, the number increased to a quarter of a million inhabitants, among which the Irish were the largest foreign-born inhabitants. In 1880, the Irish constituted one third of San Francisco's population.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Between the first year of the gold rush and 1870, San Francisco grew from a village of fewer than 200 buildings and 1,000 inhabitants to the tenth largest city in America, with a population of 150,000. Ten years after that, the number increased to a quarter of a million inhabitants, among which the Irish were the largest foreign-born inhabitants. In 1880, the Irish constituted one third of San Francisco's population.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The differences between the experience of the Irish on the West and East Coast were extreme. In the East, the Irish rapidly formed their own historical <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">communities </del>neighborhoods that are traditionally Irish, like the South Side of Boston. They dominated occupations that are still regarded as Irish, like the police force and the firefighters. San Francisco was an open society, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">open </del>meaning its public spaces and offices were not dominated by entrenched <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">historical </del>communities.3 The population of San Francisco was more atomized and freer to define itself in the absence of the need to band together. In the rapidly growing, but largely undeveloped city some of the Irish were able to find for themselves the economic stability, creature comforts and commercial opportunities that had eluded them in New York and other points of entry for Irish immigrants. Throughout the mid-nineteenth century, the standard of living in the major eastern cities wasn't much better than the standard of living in Ireland. Opportunities for buying land and developing proprietary interests in the major commercial sectors that defined Americas economy at that time were limited. Tolerance for their culture (Catholic, rural, prone to questioning authority) was also similarly limited. Bigoted attitudes towards the rural Catholic poor manifested in degrading stereotypes and, occasionally, in armed attacks and church burnings from American born <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nativiststypically </del>working class Protestants. Life in San Francisco, in contrast, was freer (although not completely) of anti-Catholic sentiment.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The differences between the experience of the Irish on the West and East Coast were extreme. In the East, the Irish rapidly formed their own historical <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">communities--</ins>neighborhoods that are traditionally Irish, like the South Side of Boston. They dominated occupations that are still regarded as Irish, like the police force and the firefighters. San Francisco was an open society, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"open" </ins>meaning its public spaces and offices were not dominated by entrenched <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"historical" </ins>communities.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</ins>3<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) </ins>The population of San Francisco was more atomized and freer to define itself in the absence of the need to band together. In the rapidly growing, but largely undeveloped city some of the Irish were able to find for themselves the economic stability, creature comforts and commercial opportunities that had eluded them in New York and other points of entry for Irish immigrants. Throughout the mid-nineteenth century, the standard of living in the major eastern cities wasn't much better than the standard of living in Ireland. Opportunities for buying land and developing proprietary interests in the major commercial sectors that defined Americas economy at that time were limited. Tolerance for their culture (Catholic, rural, prone to questioning authority) was also similarly limited. Bigoted attitudes towards the rural Catholic poor manifested in degrading stereotypes and, occasionally, in armed attacks and church burnings from American born <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"nativists"--typically </ins>working class Protestants. Life in San Francisco, in contrast, was freer (although not completely) of anti-Catholic sentiment.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Elizabeth </del>Creely, 2002 ''</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">--Elizabeth </ins>Creely, 2002 ''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>1.. RA Burchell, ''San Francisco Irish'', Chap. IV <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The </del>Material <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">World </del>pg. 53</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>1.. RA Burchell, ''San Francisco Irish'', Chap. IV <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"The </ins>Material <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">World" </ins>pg. 53</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2. RA Burchell, ''San Francisco Irish'', Chap. IV <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The </del>Material <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">World </del>pg. 67</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2. RA Burchell, ''San Francisco Irish'', Chap. IV <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"The </ins>Material <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">World" </ins>pg. 67</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>3.. It is worth stopping here to point out that an unclaimed city/land/ territory or any other spatial or geographical construct is a conceit based in and nurtured by the ideology of colonist thought, which the Irish had had plenty of exposure to. San Francisco was not, and had never been, empty. It had been home to at least 20 Indian tribes, most of which had been vaporized under the depredations of forced <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">labour </del>on the missions, foreign pathogens brought by the Spanish, and general dispossession of their lands.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>3.. It is worth stopping here to point out that an unclaimed city/land/ territory or any other spatial or geographical construct is a conceit based in and nurtured by the ideology of colonist thought, which the Irish had had plenty of exposure to. San Francisco was not, and had never been, empty. It had been home to at least 20 Indian tribes, most of which had been vaporized under the depredations of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[NATIVE AMERICANS in the MISSION ECONOMY|</ins>forced <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">labor </ins>on the missions<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, foreign pathogens brought by the Spanish, and general dispossession of their lands.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Contributors to this page include:</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[Image:irish1$shanghai-chicken.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''John "[[Shanghai_text_box Shanghai]] Chicken" Devine was born in Waterford, Ireland and came to San Francisco in 1861where he found work for fellow Irishman "Shanghai Kelly" as a boardinghouse runner.'''<br />
<br />
So, stripped of all the history, what and who was a typical Irish immigrant in San Francisco in about 1851? A male, about forty years of age, living a city that had been hastily and badly constructed because of chronic labour shortages. The demand for housing (San Francisco's current housing shortage is not a new problem) then was high and it limited the number of places one could live. The Irish spread throughout the city in a fairly randomized pattern, going further and further west as new developments allowed. In 1880, the community was to be found in the greatest numbers in Wards 7, 10, and 9, on the south side of Market Street, crammed in amongst other immigrant communities, or in the newly expanding commercial and residential district of the Mission and the Western Addition, Wards 12 and 11 respectively.<br />
<br />
They were unmarried, or they married later in life. Late marriages were common among famine survivors, a trend that persisted in America. In San Francisco, they were probably a skilled laborer, or a highly skilled laborer, practicing trades learned in Boston, New York or Philadelphia. This is a different story from the Irish who landed in the eastern cities prior to 1851. British imperialism in Ireland had a deleterious effect on the types of labour skills Catholics possessed,1 which meant that when new arrivals from Ireland possessed antiquated skills, unsuited for urban employment. They got updated pretty quickly though, building canals, cutting stone, doing construction work, working with iron and steel in orders of magnitude unknown in rural Ireland (most immigrants were from rural western Ireland). They got paid more than friends and family left behind on the East Coast, because of the fortuitous combination of labor scarcity and capital investment. By 1870, the average wage in San Francisco was $3.272 (this figure is itself averages more than 20 wage rates of a multitude of skilled trades). Marriage within the community was encouraged, and in instances where an outside marriage was contracted, the chance was good that at least one of the prospective spouses parents was a member of the Irish community.<br />
<br />
Between the first year of the gold rush and 1870, San Francisco grew from a village of fewer than 200 buildings and 1,000 inhabitants to the tenth largest city in America, with a population of 150,000. Ten years after that, the number increased to a quarter of a million inhabitants, among which the Irish were the largest foreign-born inhabitants. In 1880, the Irish constituted one third of San Francisco's population.<br />
<br />
The differences between the experience of the Irish on the West and East Coast were extreme. In the East, the Irish rapidly formed their own historical communities neighborhoods that are traditionally Irish, like the South Side of Boston. They dominated occupations that are still regarded as Irish, like the police force and the firefighters. San Francisco was an open society, open meaning its public spaces and offices were not dominated by entrenched historical communities.3 The population of San Francisco was more atomized and freer to define itself in the absence of the need to band together. In the rapidly growing, but largely undeveloped city some of the Irish were able to find for themselves the economic stability, creature comforts and commercial opportunities that had eluded them in New York and other points of entry for Irish immigrants. Throughout the mid-nineteenth century, the standard of living in the major eastern cities wasn't much better than the standard of living in Ireland. Opportunities for buying land and developing proprietary interests in the major commercial sectors that defined Americas economy at that time were limited. Tolerance for their culture (Catholic, rural, prone to questioning authority) was also similarly limited. Bigoted attitudes towards the rural Catholic poor manifested in degrading stereotypes and, occasionally, in armed attacks and church burnings from American born nativiststypically working class Protestants. Life in San Francisco, in contrast, was freer (although not completely) of anti-Catholic sentiment.<br />
<br />
''Elizabeth Creely, 2002 ''<br />
<br />
1.. RA Burchell, ''San Francisco Irish'', Chap. IV The Material World pg. 53<br />
<br />
2. RA Burchell, ''San Francisco Irish'', Chap. IV The Material World pg. 67<br />
<br />
3.. It is worth stopping here to point out that an unclaimed city/land/ territory or any other spatial or geographical construct is a conceit based in and nurtured by the ideology of colonist thought, which the Irish had had plenty of exposure to. San Francisco was not, and had never been, empty. It had been home to at least 20 Indian tribes, most of which had been vaporized under the depredations of forced labour on the missions, foreign pathogens brought by the Spanish, and general dispossession of their lands.<br />
<br />
Contributors to this page include:<br />
<br />
''Shaping San Francisco,San Francisco,CA - Publisher or Photographer ''<br />
<br />
Creely,Elizabeth - Writer<br />
<br />
[[Irish Americanism? Prev. Document]] [[Irish Associationism Next Document]]</div>Unknown user